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The base is one of the oldest facilities of the Air Force, having been established on 30 December 1916, prior to America's entry to World War I by the Army Air Service, named for aviation pioneer Samuel Pierpont Langley.
Leonard S. (Luke) Hobbs (1896 in Carbon County, Wyoming – 1977) was an aeronautical engineer who started in 1920 with the Army Air Service at McCook Field in Dayton, Ohio and later worked for Stromberg Motor Devices Corporation.
Alexander Pearson, Jr. (1895–1924), aviation figure in the Army Air Service
Ham Coolidge and Quentin Roosevelt attended Groton School together, attended Harvard together, and served together in the U.S. Army Air Service First Pursuit Group in France.
The facility is named in honor of 1st Lieutenant Robert Stanford Olmsted, U.S. Army Air Service, on 11 March 1948, killed in a ballooning accident over the village Loosbroek, Netherlands on 23 September 1923, while competing in the Gordon Bennett Cup.
During the war, the Imperial Army Air Service utilised a wide variety of aircraft, ranging from fighters (such as those manufactured by Albatros-Flugzeugwerke and Fokker), reconnaissance aircraft (Aviatik and DFW) and heavy bombers (Gothaer Waggonfabrik, better known simply as Gotha, and Zeppelin-Staaken) and airships of all types.
On 30 December 1939, Norway sent a purchasing commission to the United States, consisting of a Royal Norwegian Navy Air Service contingent headed by Cmdr. Kristian Østby, and a Norwegian Army Air Service contingent led by Birger F. Motzfeldt.
The Air Service, Second Army Air Service was activated on October 12 with Col. Frank P. Lahm as chief, and the Air Service, Third Army Air Service was created immediately after the armistice to provide aviation support to the army of occupation, primarily from veteran units transferred from the First Army Air Service.
The Third Army Air Service, under the command of Brigadier General William Mitchell was organized on 14 November as the Air Service component of Third Army.
The TM-23 flew in early 1925, being delivered to McCook Field for testing by the Army Air Service in February that year.
In 1918, Virginius E. Clark, in charge of the Plane Design section of the U.S. Army Air Service's Engineering Division and Alfred V. Verville, who had recently joined the Engineering Division from private industry, started design of a single-seat fighter (known as "pursuit" aircraft to the U.S. Army), the VCP-1 (Verville-Clark Pursuit).