Its further service would see the regiment take part in the Battles of Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, the Atlanta Campaign (most notably at the Battle of Peachtree Creek), the March to the Sea, and Bentonville.
However, the capture of Atlanta made an enormous contribution to Northern morale and was an important factor in the re-election of President Abraham Lincoln.
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After Ulysses S. Grant was promoted to general-in-chief of all Union armies, he left his favorite lieutenant, Sherman, in charge of the Western armies.
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Concurrent attempts by two columns of Union cavalry to cut the railroads south of Atlanta ended in failure, with one division under Maj. Gen. Edward M. McCook completely smashed at the Battle of Brown's Mill and the other force also repulsed and its commander, Maj. Gen. George Stoneman, taken prisoner.
He was reassigned to a new command and fought in the Atlanta Campaign.
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It was assigned to front-line combat duty in the Army of the Cumberland in the Western Theater and participated in most of its leading battles and campaigns, including the Chattanooga Campaign and the 1864 Atlanta Campaign.
Legend has it that the only reason the building wasn't burned to the ground during Union General William Tecumseh Sherman's "March to the Sea" in 1864 was because the building's owner, a British citizen, had flown the British flag during the occupation of Marietta, part of the Atlanta Campaign.
Seeing action against cavalry raiders during the Atlanta Campaign, Hillyer performed well, but the railroad eventually fell to the Union Army.
From its southern terminus north to Kingston, it parallels the Western and Atlantic Railroad, which was used as a corridor for the Atlanta Campaign during the Civil War and made famous by the Andrews Raid, also known as the "Great Locomotive Chase".
Kennesaw Battlefield Park, at 905 Kennesaw Mountain Drive between Marietta and Kennesaw, Georgia, preserves a Civil War battleground of the Atlanta Campaign, and also contains Kennesaw Mountain.
John Wellborn Root studied in in Liverpool as a teenaged boy, being sent there by his father to be safe from the American Civil War following the Atlanta Campaign (1864).
It features maps of engagements large and small including Gettysburg, the Siege of Vicksburg, Shiloh and the various epochs of the Atlanta campaign.
The 1988 alternate history novel Gray Victory by Robert Skimin imagines a scenario in which Johnston is left in command during the Atlanta Campaign.