X-Nico

Flight commander

This delineation of roles came into being very early in the history of aerial warfare, as Oswald Boelcke, Roderic Dallas, and Mick Mannock all derived the basic tactics of successful air to air combat from their flying experiences during World War I circa 1916.

Immelmann turn

The aerobatic Immelman turn derives its name from a different maneuver altogether; the dogfighting tactic of World War I named after the German pilot Max Immelmann, and described above.

Paul Hartley Raney

Raney's short tour of duty, commencing on 12 August 1917, consisted of unrelenting patrols over enemy territory.

see also