X-Nico

unusual facts about Black Consciousness Movement



History of the Pan Africanist Congress of Azania

Despite its organisational weaknesses, the PAC's Africanism did much to inform the student uprisings of the late 1970s and inspired the formation of the Black Consciousness Movement under the leadership of Steve Biko.

I Write What I Like

The book includes a preface by Archbishop Desmond Tutu; an introduction by Malusi and Thoko Mpumlwana, who were both involved with Biko in the Black Consciousness Movement; a memoir of Biko by Father Aelred Stubbs, his longtime pastor and friend; and a new foreword by Professor Lewis Gordon.

Malusi Mpumlwana

Along with Steve Biko, he and his wife Thoko Mpumlwana were founding activists in the antiapartheid Black Consciousness Movement in South Africa.

Mkhuseli Jack

At this time, while Jack was active in the South African Students Movement (SASM) and the Black Consciousness Movement (BCM), he came in contact with Barney Pityana a human rights lawyer and South-African theologian.


see also

Clotil Walcott

During the period 1969-1972, she became a member of NJAC - The National Joint Action Committee and participated in the Black Power and Black consciousness movement which swept the country.