Around 1964 Louis Pouzin introduced the concept and the name shell in Multics, building on earlier, simpler facilities in the Compatible Time-Sharing System (CTSS).
This would avoid the complexity and overhead of running a multi-user system like CTSS.
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It was a Unix version of the runoff text-formatting program from Multics, which was a descendant of RUNOFF for CTSS (the first computerized text-formatting application).
Much earlier Honeywell had broken the Eckert-Mauchly patents that claimed to cover all forms of computing.
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CP-6 was a command line oriented system, no GUI interface (as GUIs had only just been invented at Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC)).