The water supply in Saudi Arabia, and specifically the lack of water has always been the major constraint on agriculture and the determining factor on where cultivation occurred.
As Rupert Riedl pointed out, this degree of functional constraint — or burden — generally varies according to position in the organism.
Then, for each constraint a generalized projection onto its feasible set is performed, updating both the constraint's dual variable and all primal variables for which there are non-zero coefficients in the constraint functions gradient.
The opening in 2008 of a diversion of the Lamezia Terme line between Settingiano and Catanzaro Lido (via the new Catanzaro station) eliminated a significant constraint in the station's track layout.
CDT builds upon the earlier work of Barrett and Crane, and Baez and Barret, which demonstrates the feasibility and utility of this approach, but by introducing the causality constraint as a fundamental rule (influencing the process from the very start) Loll, Ambjørn, and Jurkiewicz created something different.
Because this constraint is nonholonomic, Liouville's theorem does not apply, and although energy is conserved, the motion is dissipative in the sense that phase space volume is not conserved.
Many subclasses of weighted constraint satisfaction problems that are tractable by virtue of the numerical structure of their weighted constraints have associated constraint composite graphs that are bipartite in nature.
Gecode is a regular participant in the MiniZinc Challenge, a benchmark of constraint solvers organized by the NICTA research centre.
The notion of constraint suboptimality was formalized by Geanakoplos and Polemarchakis (1986).
After World War II the government has required such venues to obtain Mahjong/Tin Kau Licences with the constraint that such businesses must be known, in Legal English, as Mahjong Schools - a white lie to get around the ban on privately run gambling businesses.
The first to develop a mathematical model of this period of financial distress was J. Barkley Rosser, Jr. (Chapter 5, 1991), drawing on catastrophe theory, while a more detailed such model using agent-based modeling and relying on the wealth constraint idea due to Minsky has been done by Gallegati, Palestrini, and Rosser (2011.)