Historically the buława was an attribute of a Hetman, an officer of the highest military rank (after the monarch) in 15th- to 18th-century Kingdom of Poland and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and of the Otaman of Ukraine or the military head of a Cossack state (Cossack Hetmanate).
The Kulturkampf struggle against the Catholic Church and the Catholic southern German states started almost simultaneously with an extensive campaign of Germanisation in the Greater Poland lands formerly belonging to the Polish Crown.
On October 23, 1688, he was named nuncio extraordinary to Poland.
Plastic Panorama of Old Lwów (Polish: Panorama Plastyczna Dawnego Lwowa) is a model of the city of Lwów (since 1945 Lviv in Ukraine) as it looked like in mid-18th century, when it belonged to the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland.
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Hans Daubmann (born, in Torgau, died in 1573 in Königsberg) was a German printer, active in Nuremberg and then Königsberg, Ducal Prussia (at the time a fief of Kingdom of Poland).