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He is a professor at the Friedrich Schiller University of Jena and director of the Karl Schwarzschild Observatory (Thuringian State Observatory).
He studied at the University of Jena under Ernst Buschor and Hans Diepolder, and then at the University of Berlin with Werner Jaeger, where he earned his first doctorate.
He was educated in Europe at Jena (Ph.D., 1887), and at Strassburg (Ph.D., 1889) where he was an assistant in geology 1887 - 1892.