The nation has three major ethnic groups: the Fulani and their Hausa counterparts, who are predominantly Muslim, inhabited the north; the Yoruba, who are a mix of Muslim and Christian, inhabited the south west; and in the south east are the Igbo, who were predominantly Christian, and retained their British influence which gave them the educational and economic advantage.
Frey was the daughter of a Swiss father, Paul Frey of Brugg, and a Fula mother, Fatimatou Bibabadama.
After purchasing the site, and concluding a treaty with the Fula emir of Nupe, he proceeded to clear the ground, build houses, form enclosures and pave the way for a future city.
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The Jula specialised in long distance trade, as did Fula communities within the state, who added this to cattle herding.
The Cercle falls largely in the dryer Sahel region, especially in its north, where the population is mostly Fula and Maure pastoralists.
Around 400,000 Kusasi are found in the Bawku Districts of northern Ghana, a region inhabited by a mixture of peoples, including the Mamprusi who came over from across the White Volta in Mamprugu in the era preceding the colonization of the area and other minority groups like the Bisa or Busasi, Moshie, Fulani and Bimoba communities.
The region contains a number of ethnic groups including Bozo, Songhai, Dogon, Fulani and Bambara.
It covers some 30,000 km2, and is home to Bambara and Sarakole (Soninké) peoples, as well as semi-nomadic Maure and Fula peoples, engaged in farming and livestock raising.
The transhumant Fula, howewever, have spread with their languages from Senegal across the western and central Sahel.