In the north and west of the protected area the Narayani-Rapti river system forms a natural boundary to human settlements.
It is named as Sapta Ganadaki after the seven tributaries (Kali Gandaki, Trishuli, Budhi Gandaki, Marsyangdi, Madi, Seti Gandaki, and Daraudi) that make up the Gandaki River.
Situated at the confluence of the Ganges, Gandhaka and Son rivers, Pataliputra formed a "water fort, or jaldurga".
This species is known only from four closely grouped locations in the valley of the Kali Gandaki River between Dhaulagiri and Annapurna mountains, Mustang District of Nepal.
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East Rapti River, a small river draining the Chitwan (inner Terai) valley in Nepal, flowing west to join the Narayani (Gandaki) River a short distance north of the Indian border