X-Nico

Abolition of the Ottoman Sultanate

On November 1, 1922, the nationalist Grand National Assembly declared that the Sultanate's Constantinople government was no longer the legal Turkish government, appointing the nationalist body in Ankara to that place.

•

This allowed the Turkish national movement government in Ankara to become the sole governing entity in the nation, founding the Republic of Turkey the next year in 1923.

Ahmet Tevfik Pasha

Meanwhile, the Turkish National Movement had established another government in Ankara, proclaiming itself to be the sole government of the nation and rejecting the sultanate.

Armistice of Mudanya

The Armistice of Mudanya was an agreement between Turkey (the Grand National Assembly of Turkey) on the one hand, and Italy, France and Britain on the other hand, signed in the Ottoman town of Mudanya, in the province of Bursa, on 11 October 1922.

Battle of Dumlupınar

Despite pressure to attack building up at Ankara, Mustafa Kemal who had been appointed Commander-in-Chief of the TBMM government, waited and utilized the breathing space to strengthen his forces and split the Allies through adroit diplomatic moves, ensuring that French and Italian sympathies lay with Turks rather than the Greeks.

Battle of the Gediz

The experiences gained in this battle led the Turkish provisional Government of the Grand National Assembly to the conclusion that it would be necessary from now on to establish and fight with a regular army against the Greek army instead of irregular forces.

Chanak Crisis

The Chanak Crisis, also called the Chanak Affair and the Chanak Incident, in September 1922 was the threatened attack by Turkish troops on British and French troops stationed near Çanakkale (Chanak) to guard the Dardanelles neutral zone.

May Uprising

Although the revolt failed, Armenia was Sovietized after the Red Army invaded the country in November 1920 and Turks occupied the western half of Armenia.

Rauf Orbay

When the War of Independence ended he became the first Prime Minister of the new provisional Government of the Grand National Assembly on 11 August 1922.

Republic of Mountainous Armenia

On November 18, an armistice was concluded, and then a peace treaty, the Treaty of Alexandropol, on 2 December 1920 between the Governments of Turkey and Armenia.

Salih Hulusi Pasha

At a time when Turkey had two governments, he was often charged with contacts with the rising Ankara government set up by Mustafa Kemal Pasha.

Turkish–Armenian War

The Turkish–Armenian War, known as the Eastern Front of the Turkish War of Independence in Turkey, refers to a conflict in the autumn of 1920 between the First Republic of Armenia and the provisional government of the Turkish national movement, following the signing of the Treaty of Sevres.