The species is not found in currently suitable areas of the Eastern Greater Caucasus, which are separated from the Black Sea Coast by more than 400–500 km, in spite of currently suitable climate.
In the time of Alexander the Great, the Hindu Kush range was referred to as the Caucasus Indicus or the "Indian Caucasus" (as opposed to the Greater Caucasus range between the Caspian and Black Seas), and some past authors have considered this as a possible derivation of the name "Hindu Kush".
The district occupies Shida Kartli plain, stretching on the both sides of Kura River - bordering southern parts of Greater Caucasus to the North and Trialeti Range to the South.
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The fortress overlooked a strategic locale, controlling roads to the Greater Caucasus mountains, inhabited by the bellicose Georgian highlanders of Tusheti, Pshavi, and Khevsureti.
It flows along the Southern slopes of the Greater Caucasus Mountain Range and forms a part of the border between Abkhazia and Russia, or Georgia and Russia, as Georgia and United Nations consider.
Dzhangi-Tau, or Janga, a summit in the Greater Caucasus Mountain Range