Toynbee was the uncle, via his brother Harry Valpy Toynbee, of universal historian Arnold Joseph Toynbee (1889–1975); with whom he is often confused.
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In addition he studied otological medicine in the British Isles with Joseph Toynbee (1815–1866) and William Wilde (1815–1876).
In the middle of the nineteenth century the British otologists James Yearsley and Joseph Toynbee each developed their own form of artificial eardrum.