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The second abbey was founded in 1136 on the patronage of David I (Dabíd mac Maíl Choluim), King of Scots, by Cistercian monks from Rievaulx Abbey, Yorkshire.
Also, the Treaty of Falaise was signed at the castle in December 1174 between the captive William I, King of Scots, and the King of England Henry II Plantagenet.
Uchtred's focus of power was in eastern Galloway, while his brother's was in the west, their reigns were marked by turbulent relationships between themselves, the Irish Kings of Ailech, the King of Scots, William the Lyon, and the King of England, Henry II.
King Alexander I of Scotland or Alaxandair mac Maíl Coluim (c. 1078–1124), King of Scots, called "The Fierce"
King Alexander III of Scotland (1241–1286), King of Scots, only son of Alexander II by his second wife Marie de Coucy
King Alexander II of Scotland (1198–1249), King of Scots, only son of William the Lion and Ermengarde of Beaumont
Malcolm III of Scotland, nicknamed Malcolm Canmore, King of Scots 1058–1093; and
Malcolm IV of Scotland, also known as Malcolm Canmore, King of Scots 1153–1165;
David II of Scotland (1324–1371), David Bruce, King of Scots, son of King Robert the Bruce
Some of the earliest surviving documents to mention the word Scotland include the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles of Abingdon, Worcester and Laud, written during the 11th Century, which state that prior to the Battle of Stamford Bridge in 1066, Earl Tostig had sought refuge in Scotland under the protection of Malcolm III, King of Scots.
In 1346, Edward Balliol, who had usurped the title "King of Scots" with the support of Edward III of England, declared Plenderleith forfeit to the crown as a result of Sir George's support for the Scottish king David II's invasion of England.