Lowell described Buchalter (whom he calls "Czar Lepke") in his poem "Memories of West Street and Lepke", published in his book Life Studies (1959).
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Turunen graduated from Roskilde University in Social Science and Working Life Studies and lives with her boyfriend in northwest Copenhagen.
Ian Hamilton, who wrote a biography on Lowell, suggests that the poem owes something to W.D. Snodgrass' poem "Heart's Needle" since "Heart's Needle," which came out prior to Life Studies, focused on Snodgrass' relationship with his child.