Eremoryzomys has a limited distribution in the dry upper valley of the Marañón River in central Peru, but may yet contain more than one species.
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It occurs in forest in the dry lowlands of the upper parts of the basin of the Marañón River, east of the main mountain range of the Andes.
Rufous-backed Inca Finch occurs either on the West slope of the Andes and both slopes of the Marañón Valley and is restricted to higher elevations, compared to Great Inca Finch which only occurs on the West slope of the Andes, but generally lower than Rufous-backed Inca Finch.
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Buff-bridled, Gray-winged and Little Inca Finch are restricted to the Marañón Valley.
The Lauricocha Cave at an altitude of over 4000 m was discovered in 1957 near Lauricocha Lake and the source of the Marañón River, one of the headwaters of the Amazon River.
Another descent was done by Sebastian Snow, an adventurer who journeyed down most of the river by trekking (to Chiriaco) and by boat (the rest of the way) after starting at the source near Lake Niño Cocha.
The subspecies peruviana, which is found in the Marañón valley, is similar in size to aequinoctialis, but auriculata is noticeably smaller.
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The Lawriqucha River issues from the lake Lawriqucha and later joins Marañón River which is one of the headwaters of the Amazon River.
The rivers in the Amazon Basin, going upstream are the following: Amazon River, (Tocantins, Araguaia— east of the Xingu), Xingu River, Madeira, and Marañón-Ucayali, (in Amazonian Peru).
In the southwest Amazon Basin, the Tui Parakeet ranges more widely, it being present in the vicinity of several large rivers such as the Solimões River, Madeira River, Madre de Dios River, Purús River, Juruá River, Ucayali River and lowermost Marañón River.
These missions were called the Mainas Missions after the Mainas natives that were found on the banks of the Marañon river, around the Pongo de Manseriche region, in close proximity to the close to the Spanish settlement of Borja.