He completed his doctorate in anthropology at the University of Oklahoma in 1990 with a dissertation that documented the history of the Native American Church among the Osage people.
In Colorado, Henderson bought a chain of gold mines; on a visit to Colorado he and some eighteen others were slaughtered by a group of Osage Indians for crossing the Osage territory with loaded weapons.
Louis F. Burns (1920-2012), an American author and historian of the Osage Nation
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At the time of European contact, historical tribes in the area included the Missouri, Osage, Kaw, Otoe and others.
He smoked a peace pipe to establish peace between the Padouca and the Missouri, Osage, Iowa, Pawnee, Oto, Kaw, and Omaha.
Captain Nathaniel Hale Pryor, who was married to an Osage woman and served as an agent to the Osage people, was among those settling northeastern Oklahoma.
In 1825, preparing for the arrival of the Five Civilized Tribes in the Indian Territory, the U.S. Government made a treaty with the Osage Indians.
Sagamité was used in ceremonies to celebrate welcomed guests by tribes such as the Peoria, Huron, Osage, and early Caddo tribes of Arkansas.
During the 1930s and the Great Depression, Mathews was politically active within the Osage Nation.
As the people took advantage of the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 and the Oklahoma Indian Welfare Act, Mathews helped the Osage Nation restore its self-government.