Guillaume-Benjamin Duchenne de Boulogne began photographing inmates in the Salpêtrière mental hospital in Paris in 1856.
His observations on fiber nodes and the degeneration and regeneration of cut fibers had a great influence on Parisian neurology at the Salpêtrière.
He completed his training by being a clinic attaché at the Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital in Paris, at the Departement of Public Health, Tropical Medecine and Infectious Diseases under Professor Marc Gentilini.
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Interest in such a tuning system goes back to the 16th century, when composer Guillaume Costeley used it in his chanson Seigneur Dieu ta pitié of 1558.
Another alternative is an internship in French hospitals such as Saint-Philibert Saint Vincent and the Faculté Libre de Médecine of the Université Catholique de Lille and the Grupo Hospitalar Pitié-Salpêtrière (Paris).
During this creative phase Baldwin travelled to France (1892) to visit the important psychologists Charcot (at the Salpêtrière), Hippolyte Bernheim (at Nancy), and Pierre Janet.
The 12th century Romanesque church of Notre-Dame de Pitié, also known as Saint Mary of Saignon, has been a stopping point for religious pilgrims since the Middle Ages: in addition to local pilgrims from Provence, it was positioned on the way for those traveling to Rome along the Via Domitia, and for Italian pilgrims going to Santiago de Compostela in Spain.