This runs from the Vice President to the Speaker of the House of Representatives, President pro tempore of the Senate, and then through the Cabinet secretaries in a sequence specified by Congress.
He was permanent acting President pro tempore of the Senate, the only person to hold that position, from 1963 until his death in 1978.
The death of longtime U.S. Senator Robert C. Byrd allowed Inouye to become the President pro tempore and Chairman of the United States Senate Committee on Appropriations.
Crawford was elected President pro tempore in 1811.
After the resignation of Samuel Lewis Southard, he served as President pro tempore from 1842 to 1845 during a Vice-Presidential vacancy.
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He served as President pro tempore of the Senate in the part of the 11th Congress and at least part of every Congress from the 13th to the 18th.
In the 10th United States Congress, he was named President pro tempore of the Senate.
Foster was elected President pro tempore of the Senate at the beginning of the 39th Congress in 1865, and held that title until the end of his term in 1867.