This mode of enforcement contrasts with the traditional 'horizontal' mode involving State responsibility, reciprocity, and countermeasures.
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When that wasn't enough, he pushed through the Byrd Road Act of 1932, a law that created the state's Virginia Secondary Roads System and gave the state responsibility for maintaining county roads, but didn't include similar assistance for Virginia's independent cities.
Since 2012 she has served as a researcher at the Van Leer Jerusalem Institute, participating in the project of “State responsibility, Boundaries of Privatization and the Issue of Regulation”, and coordinating the field of banking regulation.