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3 unusual facts about Thomas de Waal


Armenian–Tatar massacres of 1905–07

According to Thomas de Waal in Shusha, "the number of killed and wounded amounted to about 300, of whom about two thirds were Tartars, for the Armenians were better shots and also enjoyed the ad-vantage of position.

Azerbaijani nationalism

According to Thomas de Waal, Mammadova has grasped the Albanian theory after studying the history of Caucasian Albania and used it to push the Armenians out of Caucasus altogether.

European Association of History Educators

Thomas de Waal, Historian, Senior associate in the Russia and Eurasia Program at the Carnegie Endowment


Alex de Waal

His siblings include barrister John de Waal, ceramic artist and writer Edmund de Waal, and Caucasus expert Thomas de Waal.


see also