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His father Alexander Thomson was Postmaster-General, a member of the council of the Province of Georgia, and custom-collector for Savannah, Georgia.
He had previously represented Newington West in the House of Commons and served as a Junior Lord of the Treasury from 1905 to 1910 and as Assistant Postmaster General between 1910 and 1916.
He was also an influential politician and held office as Chief Secretary for Ireland, as Home Secretary and as Postmaster General.
His first cabinet post was Postmaster General, in which he transformed the British Post Office from a bureaucracy to a business.
He was a Conservative politician and held office in the administrations of Lord Salisbury and Arthur Balfour as Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, as Postmaster General, as President of the Board of Education, as Lord Privy Seal and as Lord President of the Council.
She was the daughter of the suffragist Millicent Fawcett and of Henry Fawcett MP, Professor of Political Economy at Cambridge and Postmaster General in Gladstone's government.