Regarding the primary sources, first must be noticed the absence of any of Byzantine provenience; possibly, according to Walter Kaegi, because what Byzantine material we have may conflate the battle with other Byzantine defeats such as Dathin and Yarmouk.
Other historians however, from the early 20th-century Syriac scholar E.W. Brooks to more recent ones such as Walter Kaegi and Ralph-Johannes Lilie, have challenged this view, attributing the reduced Arab threat after Akroinon to the fact that it coincided with other heavy reversals on the most remote provinces of the Caliphate, which exhausted its overextended military resources, as well as with internal turmoil due to civil wars and the Abbasid Revolution.
Walter Kaegi, historian and scholar of Byzantine History, and professor of history in the University of Chicago
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