The ILU was founded by members of the Workingmen's Party of the United States who were upset with the parties turn toward political action after the Newark convention of December, 1877.
The next year Arthur and the BLE had to deal with the Great Railroad Strike of 1877, in which the BLE allied itself with the Workingmen's Party of the United States.
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To encourage saving among the city’s workingmen, Workman helped to found the Montreal City and District Savings Bank in 1846, serving as the bank’s first president (1846–52), and as a director from 1861 to 1872.
This sentiment led eventually to the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882.