Strong pass systems are mostly banned by World Bridge Federation and other governing organizations from all competitions except the highest-level ones, because opponents cannot be reasonably expected to cope with such an unusual approach.
Under the rules of the sponsoring organization (for example national federations such as American Contract Bridge League (ACBL) and the English Bridge Union (EBU), zonal organizations, and the World Bridge Federation (WBF)), certain conventions are alertable, the partner of the player making the conventional call must say "alert" (or show an alert card from the bidding box) before the right-hand opponent calls.
Since 1999 the event has been conducted as a joint activity of the American Contract Bridge League and the World Bridge Federation.
The worldwide sport governing body in bridge is the World Bridge Federation, formed 1958 as the joint effort of delegates from Europe, the United States and South America.
Highly unusual methods (also HUM) is a class of contract bridge bidding systems defined by the World Bridge Federation.
At the international level, competitions and point awards are administered by the World Bridge Federation (WBF); its affiliates at the multi-national level, such as the American Contract Bridge League (ACBL), also issue points as do more local organisations such as the English Bridge Union (EBU), and the Deutsche Bridge Verband (DBV) and independent ones such as the American Bridge Association (ABA).
Although it's technically a brown sticker convention (since no long suit is initially known), its popularity and availability of defenses persuaded World Bridge Federation to allow its usage on tournaments of lesser ratings.
Swimer possessed the title of World Bridge Federation World Life Master and in 1960 was a member of the British team which finished second to France in the first World Team Olympiad in Turin.
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The event was inaugurated in 1994 and is named in honor of Ruth McConnell, former treasurer for the World Bridge Federation (WBF) and former president of the American Contract Bridge League (ACBL).