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The exceptional heat wave was caused by a slow moving high-pressure system that settled over the Tasman Sea, with a combination of an intense tropical low located off the North West Australian coast and a monsoon trough over Northern Australia, which produced ideal conditions for hot tropical air to be directed down over Southeastern Australia.
On February 15 the Regional Specialized Meteorological Center in Nadi, Fiji (RSMC Nadi) and the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC), reported that a tropical depression had developed within an monsoon trough, about 700 km (435 mi) to the northeast of Port Vila on the Vanuatuan island of Efate.
On December 23, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) reported that a tropical disturbance had developed within the monsoon trough about 1540 km (960 mi) to the east of Medan in Indonesia.
The system was first noted on December 3, as a shallow tropical depression embedded within the monsoon trough to the north of the Cook Island: Rarotonga.
The monsoon trough spawned a tropical depression on August 22 north of Bikini Atoll and southwest of Wake Island.