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Astacus pachypus, the "Caspian crayfish", is a species of crayfish found in the Caspian Sea, the Don river, and parts of the Black Sea and Sea of Azov, where it lives in salinities of up to 14‰.
A total of 54 Class EF62 DC electric locomotives were built between 1962 and 1969 for use hauling passenger and freight on the Shinetsu Main Line and particularly over the extreme 66.7‰ gradient of the Usui Pass between Yokokawa and Karuizawa.
The new locomotives were the JNR Class EF63 banking engines used for help in both ascending and descending the 66.7‰ (1 in 15) gradient line.