For example, a riboswitch can directly bind a small target molecule, the binding of the target affects the gene's activity.
Small molecules can also undergo prenylation, such as in the case of prenylflavonoids.
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Sitaxentan is a small molecule that blocks the action of endothelin (ET) on the endothelin-A (ETA) receptor selectively (by a factor of 6000 compared to the ETB).
For hit selection, the size of effects of a compound (i.e., a small molecule or an siRNA) is represented by the magnitude of difference between the compound and a negative reference.
For example, a small-molecule mimetic of Smac/Diablo that counteracts the inhibition of apoptosis has been shown to enhance apoptosis caused by chemotherapeutic drugs through autocrine-secreted tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα).
In 2007, Cambrex divested their biologics business to Lonza to focus on small molecule APIs.
Researchers at Ono have discovered a novel series of potent CCR5 small molecule antagonists.
Dithiothreitol, the common name for a small-molecule redox reagent known as Cleland's reagent
Reversine, or 2-(4-morpholinoanilino)-6-cyclohexylaminopurine, is a small molecule developed by the group of Peter G. Schultz, used for stem cell dedifferentiation.
Volasertib (also known as BI 6727) is a small molecule inhibitor of the PLK1 (polo-like kinase 1) protein being developed by Boehringer Ingelheim for use as an anti-cancer agent.
Dr. Al-Abed's chief scientific contributions come in the field of Macrophage migration inhibitory factor as a prime candidate for small molecule drug targeting.