During the Edo period, the Tōkaidō developed as the major highway linking Edo with Kyoto, and daimyo from the western domains were forced to travel on a regular basis to Edo to attend to the Shogun in a system known as sankin kōtai.
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Central Japan came under Chubu Electric Power, which inherited the various dams and projects on the Ōi River (with the exception of Tashiro Dam).
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The river was bridged shortly after the Meiji Restoration, notably by the Hōrai Bridge in 1879 (which was listed as the world’s longest wooden pedestrian bridge by the Guinness Book, and by other road and railroad bridges.
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In cases of bad weather or high waters, they were forced to stay several days (or even several weeks) beside the river at post stations such as Shimada-juku or Kanaya-juku.
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As depicted in contemporary ukiyoe prints by artists such as Hokusai, travelers crossed the river on bearers' shoulders or on horseback.
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Located on the west bank of the Ōi River, Kanaya prospered from the Tokugawa Shogunate's policy of not allowing any bridge or ferry to be established on the Ōi River in order to strengthen Edo's defenses.