100th meridian west, a line of longitude west of the Greenwich Meridian
The song is a reference to the 100th meridian west, which is a line of longitude that separates much of Western Canada from the Central and Atlantic regions of Canada and is where the Great Plains begin, as lead-singer Gordon Downie states in the song.
While the previous Act created the legal definition of wilderness in the United States, the Eastern Wilderness Areas Act only applied to land east of the 100th meridian.
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