In 1977, Alan J. Heeger, Alan MacDiarmid and Hideki Shirakawa reported similar high conductivity in oxidized iodine-doped polyacetylene.
Subsequent to his investigation of other highly-conductive organic materials, MacDiarmid demonstrated the conductive states of polyaniline which arose upon protonic doping of the emeradine form of polyaniline.
The maturation of the field of conducting polymers was confirmed by the awarding of the 2000 Nobel Prize in Chemistry to Alan J. Heeger, Alan MacDiarmid, and Hideki Shirakawa "for the discovery and development of conductive polymers".
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