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4 unusual facts about American Protective Association


American Protective Association

The Ohio APA still had enough strength in 1914 to contribute to the defeats of Democratic US Senate candidate Timothy S. Hogan and incumbent Democratic Governor James M. Cox.

W. J. H. Traynor succeeded Bowers as Supreme President in 1893 and led the group during its period of greatest influence during the mid 1890s.

Henry Francis Bowers

Henry Francis Bowers (1837–1911) was the founder of the American Protective Association in Clinton, Iowa.

Parker Watkins Hardin

Republican Bradley also gained some Democratic votes from the American Protective Association, a secret fraternal group opposed to Catholics and immigrants.



see also