While PPPKI failed to achieve most of its intended goals, PPPKI was instrumental in the proclamation of the Sumpah Pemuda (Youth Oath) of 1928, in which nationalist symbols of Indonesia were adopted, namely, Bahasa Indonesia - a variant of Bahasa Melayu, was named the lingua franca; the presentation of "Indonesia Raya", the national anthem, and the red-white national flag, or Sang Saka Merah Putih, symbolising the Indonesian independence movement.
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