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By 1902 there were 16000 in the port, 1000 worked in the refinery for Baron Rothschild's Caspian and Black Sea oil company.
It concludes with father and son fleeing the Bolshevik takeover of Baku in 1920 via Tiflis and Batumi, Georgia, across the Black Sea to Istanbul.
Backe was born in Batumi, Georgia, the son of a retired Prussian lieutenant turned trader.
Batumi |
She has won three World Youth Chess Championship titles: in 2004, she won the Girls Under-14 in Heraklion, Greece, and in 2006, she won the Girls Under 18 in Batumi, Georgia.
In exchange for Russian support against forces loyal to the ousted Georgian president Zviad Gamsakhurdia, he agreed to join the Commonwealth of Independent States and legitimize the Russian military bases in Georgia: Vaziani Military Base, Gudauta, Akhalkalaki and Batumi.
The Soviet Government forced Georgia to cede several areas to Turkey (the province of Tao-Klarjeti and part of Batumi province), Azerbaijan (the province of Hereti/Saingilo), Armenia (the Lore region) and Russia (northeastern corner of Khevi, eastern Georgia).
On June 22, 1892 the "Markus", a huge tanker ship departed Batumi for Bangkok, Thailand, becoming the first oil tanker to transit the Suez Canal.
From Kerch the Italians moved to Feodosiya (the former Genoese colony of Caffa), Simferopol, Mariupol and to other Russian seaports of Crimea, such as Batumi and Novorossiysk.
After the War he was appointed Military Governor at Batoum in Transcaucasia.
He had six sons, Themistiklos, a landowner who died early, Michail Gkofas, a trader which finance for forty years and the first council president, Panagos Gkofas for many years, Greek consul to Tbilisi and in Batumi along with Spyridon, Vasileios and Leonidas Gkofas in which survives many relatives.
At the insistence of Talat Pasha, the treaty declared that the territory Russia took from Ottoman Empire in the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878), specifically Ardahan, Kars, and Batumi, were to be returned.
Michael Rostovtzeff explained this by the fact that there are no other decent harbours along the coastline all the way to Batumi.