In 1808 the Portuguese royal family and most of the aristocracy in the Portuguese capital Lisbon fled Portugal ahead of Napoleon's invasion.
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In 1960, with the inauguration of Brasília as the new capital of Brazil, the city of Rio de Janeiro became the new Guanabara state.
Pinheiro was born in Rio de Janeiro, then capital of Brazil, and started his political life as a student leader at the Pedro II College, the most important college in the country.