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Archaea were first classified as a separate group of prokaryotes in 1977 by Carl Woese and George E. Fox based on the differences in the sequence of ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) genes.
In 1977, a PNAS paper by Carl Woese and George Fox demonstrated that the archaea (initially called archaebacteria) are not significantly closer in relationship to the bacteria than they are to eukaryotes.
With Carl Woese Kandler proposed the change from the preceding view of living organisms as a Two-empire system of Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes to the Three-domain system of the domains Eukaryota, Bacteria and Archaea.