The Church in Carnock was held from 1592–1645 by the ecclesiastical historian John Row.
Prior to his deposition and induction — the latter of which was conducted by Thomas Gillespie, of Carnock and Dunfermline — a tradition runs that he and his people worshipped in Old Greyfriars under the venerable Dr. John Erskine, and sat down together at the sacrament of the Lord's Supper there.
James Hog (1658?–1734) was a Scottish minister at Carnock, known for his role in the Marrow Controversy within the Church of Scotland.
John Erskine, leader of the Evangelical Party in the 18th century Scottish Church, was the son of John Erskine of Carnock by his first wife.
On his death in 1683 the baronetcy became dormant (it was later revived, see the Napier Baronetcy of Merchistoun) while he was succeeded in the Lordship according to the new patent by his nephew Sir Thomas Nicolson, 4th Baronet, of Carnock, who became the 4th Lord Napier.
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Between 1683 and 1686, the Lords of Napier also held the Nicolson Baronetcy, of Carnock in the County of Stirling, and since 1725 the Scott Baronetcy, of Thirlestane in the County of Selkirk, both baronetcies created in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia.