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The Countess Catherine Shuvalova, (born Catherine Saltykova on 23 June 1743 - died on 13 October 1816, Rome) - was the daughter of Field Marshal Earl Pyotr Saltykov, Empress Catherine II's Lady-in-waiting of the Imperial Court of Russia, confidant of Platon Zubov and courtyard of the Grand Duchess Elizabeth Alexeievna (Louise of Baden).
Whitworth was well received by Catherine II, who was then at war with Turkey, but the harmony between the two countries was disturbed during the winter of 1790–1 by William Pitt's subscription to the view of the Prussian government that the three allies – England, Prussia, and Holland — could not with impunity allow the balance of power in Eastern Europe to be disturbed.
Charter for the Rights, Freedoms, and Privileges of the Noble Russian Gentry also called Charter to the Gentry or Charter to the Nobility was a charter issued by the Russian empress Catherine II.
After the Orlov Revolt of 1770 in the Peloponnese (which was provoked by the Orlov brothers with the support of Catherine II of the Russian Empire), Cosmas started to preach in what is now Southern Albania, then under the rule of Ahmet Kurt Pasha, governor of the Pashalik of Berat.
This compact engaged Denmark to join with Russia in upholding the existing Swedish constitution, in return for which Czarina Catherine II undertook to adjust the Gottorp difficulty by the cession of the Gottorp portion of Holstein in exchange for the counties of Oldenburg and Delmenhorst.
English writer Horace Walpole, in his Memoirs, gives a vivid description of the duke's character, accuses him of having caused the Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774), as a revenge on tsarina Catherine II, and says of his foreign policy: "he would project and determine the ruin of a country, but could not meditate a little mischief or a narrow benefit. ... He dissipated the nation's wealth and his own; but did not repair the latter by plunder of the former".
In 1791, Mr Gálves, the Spanish ambassador in Moscow, presented the Tsarina and Empress of Russia, Catherine II, with some cases of Málaga wine, and such was the pleasure she experienced that she exempted all shipments of wine controlled by the Fraternity of Vintners from Russian taxes.
When his younger brother Platon became Catherine II's lover, the "colossus" was made a count and general.
A sermon preached by him in October 1762, produced so favorable an impression on the Empress Catherine II that she summoned him to court to be the religious instructor of the eight-year-old heir apparent, Paul Petrovitch.
When the principal choirboy of the Imperial Court Capella, he drew the attention of the Empress Catherine II, who consigned him to the care of the Italian composer Giuseppe Sarti (1729–1802).
Köppen's grandfather belonged to the cohort of German physicians that were invited to Russia by empress Catherine II to improve sanitation in the provinces, and later became a personal physician to the tsar.
Thus, Catherine II made Peter the Great's dream a reality – Russia finally got its first direct access to the Black Sea.
In 1775 he was enthroned archbishop of Moscow, and throughout the reigns of Catherine II, Paul, and Alexander I diligently promoted the religious, moral, intellectual, and material welfare of his archdiocese, maintaining meanwhile an unceasing literary activity.
Sophie Auguste Fredericke (Empress Catherine II of Russia) 1793–1796 (only in Jever)
The peace came at the initiative of Empress Catherine II of Russia and was guaranteed by both Russia and France.
In early childhood, she lost her parents and her sisters, Alexandra, Catherine, Barbara, and Anne was under the auspices of her aunt Anna Stepanovna, which was the favorite and trusted-chamber maid of honor of Catherine II.