St. Bernard of Clairvaux, in his Life of Maelmogue or Malachy, Primate of Armagh (1134–7), refers in severe terms to the usage "whereby the holy see Armagh came to be obtained by hereditary succession", and adds, "there had already been before the time of Celsus (died 1129) eight individuals who were married and without orders, yet men of education".
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