For example, historical sociologist Charles Tilly argues that the nature of contentious politics changed fairly dramatically with the birth of social movements in 18th-century Europe.
Louise Tilly's late spouse was professor and author, Charles Tilly.
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In response to some criticisms, Doug McAdam, Sidney Tarrow and Charles Tilly proposed the Dynamics of Contention research program, which focuses on identifying mechanisms to explain political opportunities, rather than relying on an abstract structure.