After searching throughout the ideas of multiple companies, RENFE chose a conglomeration of GEC, Alstom, and FIAT Ferroviaria as the winners of a bid to develop new trains for the network titled ETR 490, similar to the ETR 470 trains used on the Italian Cisalpino network.
Passenger trains are primarily run by SBB CFF FFS, the Swiss national rail company, with additional international trains run by companies from neighbouring France (TGV), Germany (ICE) and Italy (Cisalpino), with services to Barcelona provided by Elipsos (a joint venture by Spanish RENFE and French SNCF).