Conciliarism, a movement in Roman Catholicism emphasising Conciliarity
The Council of Constance (1414–1418) successfully ended the Schism by deposing two Popes (John XXIII and Benedict XIII) – the third Pope abdicated – and electing a successor in Martin V.
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Some writers, including Hans Küng and Francis Christopher Oakley, have argued that the decrees of the Council of Constance remain valid, limiting papal power, despite these decrees being opposed by all subsequent popes and ecumenical councils.
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The schism inspired the summoning of the Council of Pisa (1409), which failed to end the schism, and the Council of Constance (1414–1418), which succeeded and proclaimed its own superiority over the Pope.
After Italian Unification and the abrupt (and unofficial) end of the First Vatican Council in 1870 because of the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War, the Ultramontanist movement and the opposing Conciliarism became obsolete to a large extent.