Certain Jewish thinkers, such as Maimonides, believed that concubines were strictly reserved for kings, and thus that a commoner may not have a concubine.
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In one of his wedding poems, Catullus (fl. mid-1st century BC) assumes that the young bridegroom has a concubinus who considers himself elevated above the other slaves, but who will be set aside as his master turns his attention to marriage and family life.
Since Wong's previous wives had died young, he considered himself to be a hex on his wives and had sworn never again to take a wife; therefore although she would be his only spouse from the time of their marriage to his death, her union with him was as that of a concubine and not wife.
Kishida worked at the imperial court as a tutor serving the Empress; however, she felt that the imperial court was “far from the real world” and was a “symbol of the concubine system which was an outrage to women”.