Nicknamed the "King of Misfortune," he witnessed the death of his father Crown Prince Sado, who was executed by a royal decree ordered by his grandfather, then-King Yeongjo, and was subsequently caught in the midst of fierce party strife between the Noron and Soron factions during his reign.
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Eventually, Princess Hwawan's machinations were discovered by King Jeongjo of Joseon, Crown Prince Sado's son and Princess Hwawan's nephew, and she was sent into exile.