Bolgar-speaking Volga Bulgarians (later Kazan Tatars), Astrakhan Tatars, Balkars, Karachays, Kumyks, Cumans (later Crimean Tatars), Bashkirs and Mongolian aristocracy adopted the Kipchak language in the days of the Golden Horde.
Cuman language, an extinct Turkic language once spoken by the Cumans in the steppes of Eastern Europe
Afterwards, the royal government, led by Finta and his allies, tried to force the Cuman tribes to settle down, which resulted in the revolt of the Cumans who were planning to leave the country, but Ladislas defeated them in a battle near Stari Slankamen (Szalánkemén).
Starting in the mid-10th century, the Tivertsi frequently carried on fights with the neighbouring Pechenegs and Cumans.