Gillard had been the Deputy Leader of the Labor Party since 4 December 2006, and had been appointed Deputy Prime Minister of Australia after Labor's landslide victory in the 2007 federal election.
On the same day, Julia Gillard was appointed as Deputy Prime Minister.
Rudd was subsequently sworn in as Prime Minister for the second time, with Anthony Albanese being sworn in as Deputy Prime Minister.
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It came into force on 1 January 1983, but the actual treaty was not signed until 28 March 1983 by the Deputy Prime Minister of Australia and Minister for Trade, Lionel Bowen and the New Zealand High Commissioner to Australia, Laurie Francis in Canberra, Australia.
Some of the most notable examples include Jeff Kennett who became Premier of Victoria and Tim Fischer, who served as the Deputy Prime Minister of Australia.