Besides the dominant Naga tribes who comprise about 50% of the city's population, other prominent groups include Dimasas, Bengalis, Assamese, Oriyas, Nepalese, Biharis, Marwaris, Punjabis and also Tamils and Keralites.
The main communities inhabiting the district include Bengali Muslims, Bengali Hindus, Rabha, Garo, Hajong, Kalita, Koch Dimasa and Bodo.