(Microsoft thought that bank switching was a necessary, but inelegant and temporary, stopgap measure; Bill Gates said of expanded memory, "It's garbage! It's a kludge! ... But we're going to do it".)
memory | Read-only memory | Elephant's Memory | Random-access memory | Memory Stick | Memory | Flash memory | memory management unit | Direct memory access | virtual memory | read-only memory | In Memory of Elizabeth Reed | Computer memory | An Accidental Memory in the Case of Death | World Memory Championships | Virtual memory | The Persistence of Memory | Sing, Memory | random-access memory | Overdrawn at the Memory Bank | Memory Almost Full | I'll Kiss Your Memory | HP Continuous memory | flash memory | false memory syndrome | Episodic memory | core memory | A Christmas Memory | You Can't Put Your Arms Around a Memory | William Brumfield at an April 18, 2013 event "Memory, Commemoration, Memorialization: Moscow’s Western Battlefields" at the Kennan Institute. |
MS-DOS also grew by incorporating, by direct licensing or feature duplicating, the functionality of tools and utilities developed by independent companies, such as Norton Utilities, PC Tools (Microsoft Anti-Virus), QEMM expanded memory manager, Stacker disk compression, and others.