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The larger species have been greatly reduced in number by over-hunting and competition with livestock, and several species are vulnerable (Dorcas gazelle and red-fronted gazelle), endangered (Dama gazelle, African wild dog, cheetah, lion), or extinct (the Scimitar-horned oryx is probably extinct in the wild, and both Pelorovis and the Bubal Hartebeest are now extinct.
This species presence in riparian areas of the Caatinga of northeastern Brazil is a crucial resource for Spix's Macaw (Cyanopsitta spixii), which is presently extinct in the wild with fewer than 100 birds remaining in captivity.
Zoo-bred animals of several species listed by IUCN as “extinct in the wild” did survive in zoos and have been reintroduced to parts of their former range in recent years (Partula spp., Père David's deer EW, Scimitar-horned oryx EW).
It was last seen in the wild in Cambridgeshire in 1972 and is currently classified as extinct in the wild.
It was home to the giant Wood's Cycad (Encephalartos woodii) which has been extinct in the wild since the early 1900s.
It has also been active in breeding the Mexican gray wolf, which is currently extinct in the wild, and cares for and breeds several species of macaw, including the scarlet macaw.