Using standard tests adopted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Novotny and other researchers discovered that a cigarette butt soaked in a liter of water for four days will kill both the topsmelt and the freshwater fathead minnow fish species.
Fathead Minnow | fathead minnow | Fathead | Rio Grande silvery minnow | Fathead minnow | David "Fathead" Newman |
It has been observed to engage in a behavior known as alloparental care, which is seen in many other animal species, like the fathead minnow.